A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay - 1

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the Oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Example ng of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes. This refers to the study of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists study the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shorelines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earth’s crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the ocean’s physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems. This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans. This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature; as well as under water acoustics and sound transmission. In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America’s Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration strategy by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the marine ecosystems and the Americans living within the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of

Comparing the Electoral and Party Systems of China and Russia Essay Example for Free

Comparing the Electoral and Party Systems of China and Russia Essay The collapse of the international socialist network changed the world at the turn of the century. The failure of the many socialist regimes ended the confrontation between East and West and provided an opportunity to restructure the international order. The individual states of East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, China and the former Soviet Union took differing paths and chose differing restructuring strategies, which themselves led to different courses of transformation. The former hard-line socialist regimes of Russia and China had to face the challenges brought by the new world order specifically on altering its political structures. This paper would compare the government and politics of China and Russia focusing on the electoral laws and their impacts on the party system. Moreover, this would try to recommend some possible measures to ensure the development of democracy for both countries and to address some of their problems. Russia is a vast country with an imperial and authoritarian past. By area, Russia is the largest country in the world, almost twice the size of the United States. The population includes numerous minorities, with 36 national groups containing more than 100,000 people, Russia’s rulers have in the past been autocratic empire builders, basing their imperial expansion on control of the serf society and a rural community. Russia’s experience in communism represented a culmination of a authoritarianism. The Union Soviet Socialist Republics encompassing 15 European and Asian Republics, formed the former Russian Empire. The politics of Russia take place in a framework of a federal presidential republic. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President by the parliaments approbation. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. Although Russia has traditionally been ruled by absolute monarchs and dictators, it currently has a democratic system of government. Since gaining its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russias political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russias regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow. Although the struggle between executive and legislative branches was partially resolved by the new constitution, the two branches continued to represent fundamentally opposing visions of Russias future. One of the world’s oldest civilization consisting states and cultures dating back thousands of years ago is China. It is a cultural region, ancient civilization, and nation in East Asia. The deadlock of the last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two political entities using the name China: the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), administering mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC), administering Taiwan and its surrounding islands. It has the worlds longest continuously used written language system, and the source of some of the worlds great inventions including paper, compass, gunpowder, and printing. The Peoples Republic of China is working within the framework of a single-party socialist republic. The will of Chinese citizens is expressed through the legislative bodies of the Peoples Congress system. Peoples Congress members at the county level are elected by voters. These county level Peoples Congresses have the responsibility of oversight of local government, and elect members to the Provincial Peoples Congress. The provincial Peoples Congress in turn elects members to the National Peoples Congress that meets each year in March in Beijing. Current political concerns in China include lessening the growing gap between rich and poor, and fighting corruption within the government leadership. The support that the Communist Party of China has among the Chinese population in general is unclear because national elections are mostly CPC dominated, as there are no opposition political parties and independent candidates elected into office are too scattered and disorganized to challenge CPC rule. According to Hague and Harrop, â€Å"Party systems are the interaction between the significant political parties. In a democracy, parties respond to each other’s initiatives in a competitive interplay. The party system also reflects legal regulation applying to all parties. In China, a dominant party system is in place wherein one party is a constant component of the executive, governing either alone or in coalition. The dominant party system was more common in the twentieth century than it is today and China is one rare example. The dominant party of the PRC is the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The leadership of the CCP is enshrined in the PRC Constitution. State power within the PRC is exercised through the CCP, the Central Peoples Government and their provincial and local counterparts. Under the dual leadership system, each local bureau or office is under the theoretically co-equal authority of the local leader and the leader of the corresponding office, bureau or ministry at the next higher level. The ruling Communist Party committee at each level plays a large role in the selection of appropriate candidates for election to the local congress and to the next higher level. China is a country that accepts involvement from multiple political parties. Apart from the CPC, the ruling party, there are eight political parties. They are China Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China Democratic National Construction Association, China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, China Zhi Gong Dang, Jiusan Society, and the Taiwan Democratic Self-government League. Most of them were founded during the anti-Japanese war and the national liberation war. They support the political leadership of the CPC, which has become their historical choice during the long years of cooperation with the CPC and through common struggles. Although there are other political parties present in China, these parties are not opposition parties, but parties participating in the discussion and administration of State affairs. Moreover, these parties serve to endorse CCP’s policies. Meanwhile, Russia is working on a multi-party system wherein the legislature comprises several minority parties, resulting in coalitions or minority government by the leading party. The multi-party system in Russia resulted to the rise of not just one political party unlike the case of China. Although, United Russia occupies the majority seats of the Duma, the seats obtained by the Russian Communist Party, as well as other parties, are significant in producing checks and balances to the Russian Assembly. Electoral systems were made to answer the question of how to convert votes into seats. In elections to the legislature, the main questions is whether an electoral system ensures that the seats obtained by a party are directly proportional to the votes received (Hague and Harrop 146). In China, the people do not directly elect delegates for the National People’s Congress (NPC). China practices democratic centralism wherein direct democracy is only practiced at the local levels and the elected delegates in the local people’s congresses in turn elect their representative at the NPC. Delegates for the local people’s congresses are elected using the first-past-the-post system (FPTP). FPTP is a type of non-proportional system wherein parties are not rewarded in proportion to the share of the votes obtained. Specifically, FPTP takes the plurality form of non-proportional representation where a candidate only needs a plurality of votes to win a seat and a majority of votes is not required. In Russia, seats in the Duma were formerly elected half by proportional representation (with at least 5% of the vote to qualify for seats) and half by single member districts. However, President Putin passed a decree that all seats are to be elected by proportional representation (with at least 7% of the vote to qualify for seats) to take effect in the December 2007 elections. Particularly, Russia is adapting the list system to confer delegates for the Duma. The list system is the most common method of proportional representation in which parties submit a list of their candidates and then the votes they obtain determines the percent of seats they get. In proportional representation, the goal is to represent parties rather than territories. For China, the adoption of the list system is recommended to develop a genuine opposition party. For many decades now, the rule of the CCP did not face any significant challenger in China. There have also been secessionist movements due to some ethnic and cultural cleavages such as the Tibetans who are lobbying from independence from China. The adoption of the list system would allow the voice of the minority to be heard in the NPC thus ensuring the democratic rights of the people. It will also make China less prone to violence, just like what happened in the Tiananmen Massacre were students on protest were open fired by Chinese military, since grievances can be acknowledge in government institutions such as the NPC. It is necessary to abolish democratic centralism since government processes are easily manipulated by local bureaucrats to advance their own selfish gains. Political reform in China is a matter of opening the ‘nominally open’ elections to other political parties. For Russia, the current electoral system is well on its way to democratize the Russian political system. However, the recent decree of Putin would make it difficult for smaller parties to obtain a seat in the Duma. Seven percent is such a high threshold and may cause the marginalization of the smaller parties and the domination of the more established ones. A lower threshold is hereby recommended and that Putin’s decree for the December 2007 elections should be repealed because it is a hindrance for the continuous democratization of Russia. These formerly hard-line socialist regimes have adopted measures to cope up with the new international order. However, not both were able to give way to democratization due to the electoral and party systems that they adapted.

An Investigation and a Report into the Customer Services at Sainsburys :: Business and Management Studies: Case Studies

An Investigation and a Report into the Customer Services at Sainsburys Introduction For my business report on customer service I have chosen to investigate Sainsburys. Sainsburys is a leading UK and US food retailer; although Sainsbury's main business activity consists of food sales they also have interests in financial and property markets. The Sainsbury's group consists of Sainsburys supermarkets and bank in the UK and Shaws supermarkets in the US and employ a total of 172,900 people throughout their company. What is Customer service? Customer service is very important to every company and keeping customers satisfied can lead to a big increase in profit. A survey carried out by NOP showed that reducing customer defections can raise profits by 25-85% and in 73% of cases the organisation in question made no attempt to persuade dissatisfied customers to stay with their company, despite 35% of them saying a simple apology would prevent them from moving to their competitors. Another survey carried out by HENL showed that a 1% cut in customer service problems could generate a 16 million pound profit for a medium sized business over 5 years. This shows that customer satisfaction can actually generate money. Another example of the benefits of keeping current customers satisfied are the surveys produced by TARP and PriceWaterhouseCooper. This TARP survey showed that 68% of customer defection takes place because the customer feels that they have been poorly treated and that it can cost up to five times more to buy new customers than to retain existing ones. Customer satisfaction not only benefits sales of goods and services but can also lead to bills being paid earlier by the customer. PriceWaterhouseCooper and the university of Bradfordsurveyed 3000 businessmen and the results show that if there was high customer satisfaction then bills were paid up to 14 days earlier than where there was poor customer satisfaction. All of this evidence shows that customer service is an integral part of a successful company. The importance of customer service to Sainsburys is reflected in their mission statement: 'Our mission is to be the customers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together'. Types of customers There are many different types of customer and they fall mainly into two categories; external and internal. Â · External customers These are people who visit the store to buy their products or services and they all have different needs to be catered for. They are people such as the. Children (families)- Their need is equipment to be designed with their children's safety in mind. There will be a lot of families visiting Sainsburys to purchase

Fool Chapter 1

THE STAGE The stage is a more or less mythical thirteenth-century Britain, with vestiges of British culture reaching back to pre-Roman times still loitering about. Britain encompasses what is now modern Great Britain, including England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland, of which Lear is king. Generally, if not otherwise explained, conditions may be considered damp. ACT I When we are born, we cry that we are come To this great stage of fools. – King Lear, Act IV, Scene 5 ONE ALWAYS A BLOODY GHOST â€Å"Tosser!† cried the raven. There's always a bloody raven. â€Å"Foolish teachin' him to talk, if you ask me,† said the sentry. â€Å"I'm duty-bound foolish, yeoman,† said I. I am, you know? A fool. Fool to the court of Lear of Britain. â€Å"And you are a tosser,[1]† I said. â€Å"Piss off!† said the raven. The yeoman took a swipe at the bird with his spear and the great black bird swooped off the wall and went cawing out over the Thames. A ferryman looked up from his boat, saw us on the tower, and waved. I jumped onto the wall and bowed – at your fucking service, thank you. The yeoman grumbled and spat after the raven. There have always been ravens at the White Tower. A thousand years ago, before George II, idiot king of Merica, destroyed the world, there were ravens here. The legend says that as long as there are ravens at the Tower, England will stand strong. Still, it may have been a mistake to teach one to talk. â€Å"The Earl of Gloucester approaches!† cried a sentry on the west wall. â€Å"With his son Edgar and the bastard Edmund!† The yeoman by me grinned. â€Å"Gloucester, eh? Be sure you do that bit where you play a goat and Drool plays the earl mistaking you for his wife.† â€Å"That would be unkind,† said I. â€Å"The earl is newly widowed.† â€Å"You did it the last time he was here and she was still warm in the grave.† â€Å"Well, yes. A service that – trying to shock the poor wretch out of his grief, wasn't it?† â€Å"Good show, too. The way you was bleatin' I thought ol' Drool was givin' it to you right proper up the bung.† I made a note to shove the guard off the wall when opportunity presented. â€Å"Heard he was going to have you assassinated, but he couldn't make a case to the king.† â€Å"Gloucester's a noble, he doesn't need a case for murder, just a whim and a blade.† â€Å"Not bloody likely,† the yeoman said, â€Å"everyone knows the king's got a wing o'er you.† That was true. I enjoy a certain license. â€Å"Have you seen Drool? With Gloucester here, there'll be a command performance.† My apprentice, Drool – a beef-witted bloke the size of a draught horse. â€Å"He was in the kitchen before the watch,† said the yeoman. The kitchen buzzed – the staff preparing for a feast. â€Å"Have you seen Drool?† I asked Taster, who sat at the table staring sadly at a bread trencher[2] laid out with cold pork, the king's dinner. He was a thin, sickly lad, chosen, no doubt, for his weakness of constitution, and a predisposition toward dropping dead at the slightest provocation. I liked to tell him my troubles, sure that they would not travel far. â€Å"Does this look poisoned to you?† â€Å"It's pork, lad. Lovely. Eat up. Half the men in England would give a testicle to feast thus, and it only mid-day. I'm tempted myself.† I tossed my head – gave him a grin and a bit of a jingle on the ol' hat bells to cheer him. I pantomimed stealing a bit of his pork. â€Å"After you, of course.† A knife thumped into the table by my hand. â€Å"Back, Fool,† said Bubble, the head cook. â€Å"That's the king's lunch and I'll have your balls before I'll let you at it.† â€Å"My balls are yours for the asking, milady,† said I. â€Å"Would you have them on a trencher, or shall I serve them in a bowl of cream, like peaches?† Bubble harrumphed, yanked her knife from the table and went back to gutting a trout at the butcher block, her great bottom rolling like thunderclouds under her skirt as she moved. â€Å"You're a wicked little man, Pocket,† said Squeak, waves of freckles riding o'er her shy smile. She was second to the cook, a sturdy, ginger-haired girl with a high giggle and a generous spirit in the dark. Taster and I often passed pleasant afternoons at the table watching her wring the necks of chickens. Pocket is my name, by the way. Given to me by the abbess who found me on the nunnery doorstep when I was a tiny babe. True, I am not a large fellow. Some might even say I am diminutive, but I am quick as a cat and nature has compensated me with other gifts. But wicked? â€Å"I think Drool was headed to the princess's chambers,† Squeak said. â€Å"Aye,† said Taster, glumly. â€Å"The lady sent for a cure for melancholy.† â€Å"And the git went?† Jest on his own? The boy wasn't ready. What if he blundered, tripped, fell on the princess like a millstone on a butterfly? â€Å"Are you sure?† Bubble dropped a gutless trout into a bushel of slippery cofishes.[3] â€Å"Chanting, ‘Off to do ma duty,' he was. We told him you'd be looking for him when we heard Princess Goneril and the Duke of Albany was coming.† â€Å"Albany's coming?† â€Å"Ain't he sworn to string your entrails from the chandelier?† asked Taster. â€Å"No,† corrected Squeak. â€Å"That was Duke of Cornwall. Albany was going to have his head on a pike, I believe. Pike, wasn't it, Bubble?† â€Å"Aye, have his head on a pike. Funny thing, thinkin' about it, you'd look like a bigger version of your puppet-stick there.† â€Å"Jones,† said Taster, pointing to my jester's scepter, Jones, who is, indeed, a smaller version of my own handsome countenance, fixed atop a sturdy handle of polished hickory. Jones speaks for me when even my tongue needs to exceed safe license with knights and nobles, his head pre-piked for the wrath of the dull and humorless. My finest art is oft lost in the eye of the subject. â€Å"Yes, that would be right hilarious, Bubble – ironic imagery – like the lovely Squeak turning you on a spit over a fire, an apple up both your ends for color – although I daresay the whole castle might conflagrate in the resulting grease fire, but until then we'd laugh and laugh.† I dodged a well-flung trout then, and paid Bubble a grin for not throwing her knife instead. Fine woman, she, despite being large and quick to anger. â€Å"Well, I've a great drooling dolt to find if we are to prepare an entertainment for the evening.† Cordelia's chambers lay in the North Tower; the quickest way there was atop the outer wall. As I crossed over the great main gatehouse, a young spot-faced yeoman called, â€Å"Hail, Earl of Gloucester!† Below, the greybeard Gloucester and his retinue were crossing the drawbridge. â€Å"Hail, Edmund, you bloody bastard!† I called over the wall. The yeoman tapped me on the shoulder. â€Å"Beggin' your pardon, sirrah,[4] but I'm told that Edmund is sensitive about his bastardy.† â€Å"Aye, yeoman,† said I. â€Å"No need for prodding and jibe to divine that prick's tender spot, he wears it on his sleeve.† I jumped on the wall and waved Jones at the bastard, who was trying to wrench a bow and quiver from a knight who rode beside him. â€Å"You whoreson scalawag!† said I. â€Å"You flesh-turd dropped stinking from the poxy arsehole of a hare-lipped harlot!† The Earl of Gloucester glowered up at me as he passed under the portcullis.[5] â€Å"Shot to the heart, that one,† said the yeoman. â€Å"Too harsh, then, you reckon?† â€Å"A bit.† â€Å"Sorry. Excellent hat, though, bastard,† I called, by way of making amends. Edgar and two knights were trying to restrain the bastard Edmund below. I jumped down from the wall. â€Å"Haven't seen Drool, have you?† â€Å"In the great hall this morning,† said the yeoman. â€Å"Not since.† A call came around the top of the wall, passing from yeoman to yeoman until we heard, â€Å"The Duke of Cornwall and Princess Regan approach from the south.† â€Å"Fuckstockings!† Cornwall: polished greed and pure born villainy; he'd dirk[6] a nun for a farthing,[7] and short the coin, for the fun. â€Å"Don't worry, little one, the king'll keep your hide whole.† â€Å"Aye, yeoman, he will, and if you call me little one in company, the king'll have you walking watch on the frozen moat all winter.† â€Å"Sorry, Sir Jester, sir,† said the yeoman. He slouched then as not to seem so irritatingly tall. â€Å"Heard that tasty Princess Regan's a right bunny cunny, eh?† He leaned down to elbow me in the ribs, now that we were best mates and all. â€Å"You're new, aren't you?† â€Å"Just two months in service.† â€Å"Advice, then, young yeoman: When referring to the king's middle daughter, state that she is fair, speculate that she is pious, but unless you'd like to spend your watch looking for the box where your head is kept, resist the urge to wax ignorant on her naughty bits.† â€Å"I don't know what that means, sir.† â€Å"Speak not of Regan's shaggacity, son. Cornwall has taken the eyes of men who have but looked upon the princess with but the spark of lust.† â€Å"The fiend! I didn't know, sir. I'll say nothing.† â€Å"And neither shall I, good yeoman. Neither shall I.† And thus are alliances made, loyalties cemented. Pocket makes a friend. The boy was right about Regan, of course. And why I hadn't thought to call her bunny cunny myself, when I of all people should know – well, as an artist, I must admit, I was envious of the invention. Cordelia's private solar[8] lay at the top of a narrow spiral staircase lit only with the crosses of arrow loops. I could hear giggling as I topped the stairs. â€Å"So I am of no worth if not on the arm and in the bed of some buffoon in a codpiece?† I heard Cordelia say. â€Å"You called,† said I, stepping into the room, codpiece in hand. The ladies-in-waiting giggled. Young Lady Jane, who is but thirteen, shrieked at my presence – disturbed, no doubt, by my overt manliness, or perhaps by the gentle clouting on the bottom she received from Jones. â€Å"Pocket!† Cordelia sat at the center of the circle of girls – holding court, as such – her hair down, blond curls to her waist, a simple gown of lavender linen, loosely laced. She stood and approached me. â€Å"You honor us, Fool. Did you hear rumors of small animals to hurt, or were you hoping to accidentally surprise me in my bath again?† I tipped my hat, a slight, contrite jingle there. â€Å"I was lost, milady.† â€Å"A dozen times?† â€Å"Finding my way is not my strong suit. If you want a navigator I'll send for him, but hold me blameless should your melancholy triumph and you drown yourself in the brook, your gentle ladies weeping damply around your pale and lovely corpse. Let them say, ‘She was not lost in the map, confident as she was in her navigator, but lost in heart for want of a fool.'† The ladies gasped as if I'd cued them. I'd have blessed them if I were still on speaking terms with God. â€Å"Out, out, out, ladies,† Cordelia said. â€Å"Give me peace with my fool so that I might devise some punishment for him.† The ladies scurried out of the room. â€Å"Punishment?† I asked. â€Å"For what?† â€Å"I don't know yet,† she said, â€Å"but by the time I've thought of the punishment, I'm sure there'll be an offense.† â€Å"I blush at your confidence.† â€Å"And I at your humility,† said the princess. She grinned, a crescent too devious for a maid of her tender years. Cordelia is not ten years my junior (I'm not sure, exactly, of my own age), seventeen summers has she seen, and as the youngest of the king's daughters, she's always been treated as if fragile as spun glass. But, sweet thing that she is, her bark could frighten a mad badger. â€Å"Shall I disrobe for my punishment?† I offered. â€Å"Flagellation? Fellation? Whatever. I am your willing penitent, lady.† â€Å"No more of that, Pocket. I need your counsel, or at least your commiseration. My sisters are coming to the castle.† â€Å"Unfortunately, they have arrived.† â€Å"Oh, that's right, Albany and Cornwall want to kill you. Bad luck, that. Anyway, they are coming to the castle, as are Gloucester and his sons. Goodness, they want to kill you as well.† â€Å"Rough critics,† said I. â€Å"Sorry. And a dozen other nobles as well as the Earl of Kent are here. Kent doesn't want to kill you, does he?† â€Å"Not that I know of. But it is only lunchtime.† â€Å"Right. And do you know why they are all coming?† â€Å"To corner me like a rat in a barrel?† â€Å"Barrels do not have corners, Pocket.† â€Å"Does seem like a lot of bother for killing one small, if tremendously handsome fool.† â€Å"It's not about you, you dolt! It's about me.† â€Å"Well, even less effort to kill you. How many can it take to snap your scrawny neck? I worry that Drool will do it by accident someday. You haven't seen him, have you?† â€Å"He stinks. I sent him away this morning.† She waved a hand furiously to return to her point. â€Å"Father is marrying me off!† â€Å"Nonsense. Who would have you?† The lady darkened a bit, then, blue eyes gone cold. Badgers across Blighty[9] shuddered. â€Å"Edgar of Gloucester has always wanted me and the Prince of France and Duke of Burgundy are already here to pay me troth.† â€Å"Troth about what?† â€Å"Troth!† â€Å"About what?† â€Å"Troth, troth, you fool, not truth. The princes are here to marry me.† â€Å"Those two? Edgar? No.† I was shaken. Cordelia? Married? Would one of them take her away? It was unjust! Unfair! Wrong! Why, she had never even seen me naked. â€Å"Why would they want to troth you? I mean, for the night, to be sure, who wouldn't troth you cross-eyed? But permanently, I think not.† â€Å"I'm a bloody princess, Pocket.† â€Å"Precisely. What good are princesses? Dragon food and ransom markers – spoiled brats to be bartered for real estate.† â€Å"Oh no, dear fool, you forget that sometimes a princess becomes a queen.† â€Å"Ha, princesses. What worth are you if your father has to tack a dozen counties to your bum to get those French poofters to look at you?† â€Å"Oh, and what worth a fool? Nay, what worth a fool's second, for you merely carry the drool cup for the Natural.[10] What's the ransom for a jester, Pocket? A bucket of warm spittle.† I grabbed my chest. â€Å"Pierced to the core, I am,† I gasped. I staggered to a chair. â€Å"I bleed, I suffer, I die on the forked lance of your words.† She came to me. â€Å"You do not.† â€Å"No, stay back. Blood stains will never come out of linen – they are stubborned with your cruelty and guilt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Pocket, stop it now.† â€Å"You have kilt me, lady, most dead.† I gasped, I spasmed, I coughed. â€Å"Let it always be said that this humble fool brought joy to all whom he met.† â€Å"No one will say that.† â€Å"Shhhh, child. I grow weak. No breath.† I looked at the imaginary blood on my hands, horrified. I slid off a chair, to the floor. â€Å"But I want you to know that despite your vicious nature and your freakishly large feet, I have always – â€Å" And then I died. Bloody fucking brilliantly, I'd say, too, hint of a shudder at the end as death's chilly hand grabbed my knob. â€Å"What? What? You have always what?† I said nothing, being dead, and not a little exhausted from all the bleeding and gasping. Truth be told, under the jest I felt like I'd taken a bolt to the heart. â€Å"You're absolutely no help at all,† said Cordelia. The raven landed on the wall as I made my way back to the common house in search of Drool. No little vexed was I by the news of Cordelia's looming nuptials. â€Å"Ghost!† said the raven. â€Å"I didn't teach you that.† â€Å"Bollocks!† replied the raven. â€Å"That's the spirit!† â€Å"Ghost!† â€Å"Piss off, bird,† said I. Then a cold wind bit at my bum and at the top of the stairs, in the turret ahead, I saw a shimmering in the shadows, like silk in sunlight – not quite in the shape of a woman. And the ghost said: â€Å"With grave offense to daughters three, Alas, the king a fool shall be.† â€Å"Rhymes?† I inquired. â€Å"You're looming about all diaphanous in the middle of the day, puking cryptic rhymes? Low craft and tawdry art, ghosting about at noon – a parson's fart heralds darker doom, thou babbling wisp.† â€Å"Ghost!† cried the raven, and with that the ghost was gone. There's always a bloody ghost.

Corporate social responsibility Essay

In the second module, Organizational culture was discussed. It is said that culture is corporate personality. Culture includes the underlying values, beliefs and norms which govern the behavior of people as members of an organization. I have learned that it so important in an organization for it influences success of people in organizations and it is also considered as one of the six key strategic building blocks of successful organizations. There are five key aspects of culture and these include customer-client orientation, employee orientation, performance standards, openness to change and company norms. Culture is the social glue that helps hold an organization together by providing appropriate standards for what employees should say or do. In this module, Values were also discussed. The values of an organization express what it stands for and guide everyone’s behavior when dealing with everything from product development, to each other, to customers and suppliers. Values are ideas that guide or qualify your personal conduct, interaction with others, and involvement in your career. I learned that Values should be considered as part of the decision making and the product / service design and customer care process when developing new products / services. They assist in the development of the organization’s mission statement, vision statement and value statement. Values can support the core competencies of the organization, can serve as the starting ground for all marketing and advertising strategies and messages. Values required to perform work (customer service for example), can be looked for within the values of the people you consider hiring. I have also learned about value system which is a coherent set of values adopted and evolved by a person, organization, or society as a standard to guide its behavior in preferences in all situations. Another is Personal Values which are principles that define you as an individual and also cultural values which includes a person’s faith and customs that sustain connections with your cultural roots. Corporate value system guide an organization’s internal conduct as well as its relationship with its customers and partners. Philosophy of management was also discussed and this a body of related knowledge that supplies a logic for effective thinking in seeking solutions to certain kinds of business problems. These problems can be economic, social or political. The conditions in these problems are rapidly changing and thus a manager’s thinking must be based on fundamentals that do not change. There  are different types of philosophy. These are Organizationa;, ,otivational, crisis and Customer philosophy. In Motivational Philosophy, I have learned different methods of Motivation. How to accept personal responsibility and development of the work environment. On the otherahnd, identifying potential dangers, planning and responding for those dangers are the coverage in Crisis philosophy. Last is the customer philosophy which includes transactional, relationship and mixed-marketing.

Free Essays on Electronic Voting And What Should Be Done

There’s been a lot of talk about this new computer system that casts election votes. Ideally, using electronic equipment has many advantages but there are disadvantages hiding in the cave ready to attack. We’ve all seen electronic equipment often work as expected but more importantly, it’s not uncommon for electronic equipment to fail and when this sort of concept is applied to voting, miscounting is simply unacceptable. I think the best way to solve this type problem is to try to make the voting machines work without fail but to never assume it won’t fail. As we’ve seen from the arrogance of the engineers of the Titanic or from the 2004 New York Yankees, just because it looks and sounds workable, we should never assume these machines will do what it should. By this, I don’t mean the system should fail completely but we should design the system to constantly self-check itself to insure no errors have been made. In addition, the system s hould friendly so that at least at the user point-of-view, there should not be problems with confusion or misinterpretation. Overall, making an e-voting system work requires the engineer to consider the logical, defensive (security against hacking) and personal standpoint of design and do so in a sensitive, introspective manner. First and foremost, the system should be ethical. What this means is the system should be created to an acceptable and mainstream protocol. Ethics means different things to different people but we can’t satisfy all of these morals that people have all on one system since some might contradict one another so we need to decide on what the majority would find acceptable. Right off the bat, it’s important to prevent hacker attacks because people want a fair election and not a tailored one. We go to vote to voice our opinion and not that of someone else. Secondly, it’s important to let the public know what these voting machines do and how they’re secure... Free Essays on Electronic Voting And What Should Be Done Free Essays on Electronic Voting And What Should Be Done There’s been a lot of talk about this new computer system that casts election votes. Ideally, using electronic equipment has many advantages but there are disadvantages hiding in the cave ready to attack. We’ve all seen electronic equipment often work as expected but more importantly, it’s not uncommon for electronic equipment to fail and when this sort of concept is applied to voting, miscounting is simply unacceptable. I think the best way to solve this type problem is to try to make the voting machines work without fail but to never assume it won’t fail. As we’ve seen from the arrogance of the engineers of the Titanic or from the 2004 New York Yankees, just because it looks and sounds workable, we should never assume these machines will do what it should. By this, I don’t mean the system should fail completely but we should design the system to constantly self-check itself to insure no errors have been made. In addition, the system s hould friendly so that at least at the user point-of-view, there should not be problems with confusion or misinterpretation. Overall, making an e-voting system work requires the engineer to consider the logical, defensive (security against hacking) and personal standpoint of design and do so in a sensitive, introspective manner. First and foremost, the system should be ethical. What this means is the system should be created to an acceptable and mainstream protocol. Ethics means different things to different people but we can’t satisfy all of these morals that people have all on one system since some might contradict one another so we need to decide on what the majority would find acceptable. Right off the bat, it’s important to prevent hacker attacks because people want a fair election and not a tailored one. We go to vote to voice our opinion and not that of someone else. Secondly, it’s important to let the public know what these voting machines do and how they’re secure...

Free Essays on Black Panther Party

The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h... Free Essays on Black Panther Party Free Essays on Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h...

Photosynthesis Study Guide - Key Concepts

Photosynthesis Study Guide - Key Concepts Learn about photosynthesis step-by-step with this quick study guide. Start with the basics: Quick Review of the Key Concepts of Photosynthesis In plants, photosynthesis is used to convert light energy from sunlight into chemical energy (glucose). Carbon dioxide, water, and light are used to make glucose and oxygen.Photosynthesis is not a single chemical reaction, but rather a set of chemical reactions. The overall reaction is:6CO2 6H2O light → C6H12O6 6O2The reactions of photosynthesis can be categorized as light-dependent reactions and dark reactions.Chlorophyll is a key molecule for photosynthesis, though other cartenoid pigments also participate. There are four (4) types of chlorophyll: a, b, c, and d. Although we normally think of plants as having chlorophyll and performing photosynthesis, many microorganisms use this molecule, including some prokaryotic cells. In plants, chlorophyll is found in a special structure, which is called a chloroplast.The reactions for photosynthesis take place in different areas of the chloroplast. The chloroplast has three membranes (inner, outer, thylakoid) and is divided into th ree compartments (stroma, thylakoid space, inter-membrane space). Dark reactions occur in the stroma. Light reactions occur the thylakoid membranes. There is more than one form of photosynthesis. In addition, other organisms convert energy into food using non-photosynthetic reactions (e.g. lithotroph and methanogen bacteria)Products of Photosynthesis Steps of Photosynthesis Here is a summary of the steps  used by plants and other organisms to use solar energy to make chemical energy: In plants, photosynthesis usually occurs in the leaves. This is where plants can get the raw materials for photosynthesis all in one convenient location. Carbon dioxide and oxygen enter/exit the leaves through pores called stomata. Water is delivered to the leaves from the roots through a vascular system. The chlorophyll  in the chloroplasts inside leaf cells  absorbs sunlight.The process of photosynthesis  is divided into two main parts: light dependent reactions and light independent or dark reactions. The light dependent reaction happens when  solar energy  is captured to make a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The dark reaction happens when the ATP is used to make glucose (the Calvin Cycle).Chlorophyll and other carotenoids form what are called antenna complexes. Antenna complexes transfer light energy to one of two types of photochemical reaction centers: P700, which is part of Photosystem I, or P680, which is part of Photosystem II. The photochemical reac tion centers are located on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Excited electrons are transferred to electron acceptors, leaving the reaction center in an oxidized state. The light-independent reactions produce carbohydrates by using ATP and NADPH that was formed from the light-dependent reactions. Photosynthesis Light Reactions Not all wavelengths of light are absorbed during photosynthesis. Green, the color of most plants, is actually the color that is reflected. The light that is absorbed splits water into hydrogen and oxygen: H2O light energy →  ½ O2   2H   2 electrons Excited electrons from Photosystem I can use an electron transport chain to reduce oxidized P700. This sets up a proton gradient, which can generate ATP. The end result of this looping electron flow, called cyclic phosphorylation, is the generation of ATP and P700.Excited electrons from Photosystem I could flow down a different electron transport chain to produce NADPH, which is used to synthesize carbohydratyes. This is a noncyclic pathway in which P700  is reduced by an exicted electron from Photosystem II.An excited electron from Photosystem II flows down an electron transport chain from excited P680  to the oxidized form of P700, creating a proton gradient between the stroma and thylakoids that generates ATP. The net result of this reaction is called noncyclic photophosphorylation.Water contributes the electron that is needed to regenerate the reduced P680. The reduction of each molecule of NADP  to NADPH uses  two electrons  and requires  four photons.  Two molecul es  of ATP are formed. Photosynthesis Dark Reactions Dark reactions dont require light, but they arent inhibited by it, either. For most plants, the dark reactions take place during daytime. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. This reaction is called carbon fixation or the  Calvin cycle. In this reaction, carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using ATP and NADPH. Carbon dioxide is combined with a 5-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar. The 6-carbon sugar is broken into two  sugar molecules, glucose and fructose, which can be used to make sucrose. The reaction requires 72 photons of light. The efficiency of photosynthesis is limited by environmental factors, including light, water, and carbon dioxide. In hot or dry weather, plants may close their stomata to conserve water. When the stomata are closed, the plants may start photorespiration. Plants called C4  plants maintain high levels of carbon dioxide inside cells that make glucose, to help avoid photorespiration. C4  plants produce carbohydrates more efficiently than normal C3  plants, provided the carbon dioxide is limiting and sufficient light is available to support the reaction. In moderate temperatures, too much of an energy burden is placed on the plants to make the C4  strategy worthwhile (named 3 and 4 because of the number of carbons in the intermediate reaction). C4  plants thrive in hot, dry climates.Study Questions Here are some questions you can ask yourself, to help you determine if you really understand the basics of how photosynthesis works. Define photosynthesis.What materials are required for photosynthesis? What is produced?Write the  overall reaction  for photosynthesis.Describe what happens during the cyclic phosphorylation of photosystem I. How does the transfer of electrons lead to the synthesis of ATP?Describe the reactions of carbon fixation or the  Calvin cycle. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction? What are the products of the reaction? Do you feel ready to test yourself? Take the  photosynthesis quiz!

The differences between the business plan and lean canvas Essay

The differences between the business plan and lean canvas - Essay Example The lean canvas application, on the other hand, is a simple problem and solution approach that enables the entrepreneur to develop or advance on a step-by-step basis. Although both offer analytical approaches that are vital to the prosperity and success of the business, both have varied criticisms. The business plan fails to take into account the business model management and performance measurement both of which are vital in allowing the continued business success. On the other hand, the lean canvas fails to offer an expected approach in a situation where the solution that is given to the initial problem becomes difficult or unrealistic to attain on the ground. When and why an entrepreneur should use the business plan or lean canvas The lean canvas is a helpful tool that helps the entrepreneur's design businesses. It is an ideal tool since it enables the entrepreneur to define quickly a business without necessarily having to outline a full business plan. The lean canvas utilizes a o ne-page business model that facilitates and helps the early stage startup that will enable the entrepreneur to identify quickly and overcome challenges. It identifies a target market, defines a unique business value proposition, tests the assumptions put forward by the entrepreneur and ultimately arrives at their first iteration. The lean canvas is vital in helping the entrepreneurs to gain clarity about their business ideas that will translate into an approach that is well defined to their markets and potential end users and investors.

Strategic planing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic planing - Coursework Example Netflix started off with a novel approach to DVD movie rentals by letting customers rent for cheap as compared to its competitors like Blockbuster and more importantly it allowed its customers to keep the movie for as long as they wanted without any late fee penalties. It became an instant factor in its success. In today’s busy world the ease of keeping a rental movie without having to worry about late fee charged to the clients was a service that no other competitors of Netflix had thought of. This business recognized it and reaped tremendous financial rewards in the long term. In the last few years Netflix again left its competitors far behind and even drove its major competition out of the market by simply recognizing and incorporating the Internet technology to its business. The streaming videos and the growing number of internet users was a factor which would influence almost all businesses if it has not already done so. Netflix allowed its subscribers to watch instant movies without having to pay any extra amount. This was a major boost to their business expansion and even took clients from cable where people had to pay extra to watch a new movie. The use of emerging internet technologies during this economic down turn gave Netflix an extra edge over its competition as its subscribers are paying for internet already and at a very low cost they can watch movies instantly without having to leave the comfort of their home. Opportunity for Expansion. Should a business always expand if given the chance to do so? Think of a company that recently added one or more new businesses to the organization. Does the addition seem to be in line with the original mission, vision, and core competencies? The three facts which the management needs to analyze are the current business situation, its future direction and the strategy to get there. The first most important factor is the realistic assessment of the present situation. Any shortcoming in

El Nino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

El Nino - Essay Example The water undergoes precipitation processes that cause torrential rains resulting into floods in eastern areas such as Peru, US, and Chile. The events also result into prolonged droughts in western areas such as the Indonesia and the Philippines. The effects of El Nino are not only felt in countries bordering the Pacific, rather, they are felt all around the world. However, the main effects of this phenomenon are felt in the Americas. These effects result into losses worth millions of dollars and also claims human casualties. However, the effects of the El Nino have been greatly diminished as a result of early warning systems and design of buildings and structures that can withstand the effects of heavy floods. Still, more needs to be done to curtail El Nino’s effects, particularly those occurring due to floods. Governments in affected areas need to sensitize persons living on coastlines on the dangers of El Nino besides helping in evacuation efforts if need

Sociology Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Sociology Dissertation - Essay Example This research study proposes to examine the rising incidence of obesity within a social and environmental context by applying sociological theories. Where obesity is concerned, the media has been attributed a significant proportion of the blame, because it propagates a sedentary lifestyle which contributes to obesity. In addition, unhealthy foods are advertised on TV, as a result of which children are influenced into unhealthy eating patterns from childhood, which in turn lead to obesity. Since obese children are likely to grow into obese adults, this research study will focus on the impact of the mass media in contributing to obesity in children and influencing their body image. The Dissertation will be divided into four chapters. The first chapter will provide a general introduction to the study, the methods used and limitations. The literature review till comprise the second chapter. The third chapter will describe the methodology used and the fourth and concluding chapter will present the results that are obtained. Broadly, the subjects to be covered in this study include the causal factors in obesity and suggestions that have been made by researchers to deal with the problem. Sociological theories will be assessed and the most relevant ones will be applied to the problem of obesity. Media theories will also be examined in the literature review, to the extent that they may be relevant in the context of obesity. Research carried out by other researchers into the impact of the media and its influence on eating habits, especially on children will also form a part of the literature review. Examining the impact of social and environmental factors on obesity is a broad ranging issue, which may not lend itself to adequate coverage within the scope of this limited study. Therefore, it is proposed to narrow down the scope of the study to obese children and

Self reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self reflection paper - Essay Example Similar to this is the devil effect, whereby a person evaluates another as low on many traits because of a belief that the individual is low on one trait which is assumed to be critical. This paper will give a self reflection of my life as a home nurse well as how my life has been changed as a result of different view of ethics. One of the major experiences to an understanding of my life in the nursing profession is the impact of nature and nurture in our future judgment and interpretation of issues. Having worked for some time as a nurse, I have also freely interacted with old people, children and the sick. In this way, I have come to admire how the living condition during the early years of a child can determine his or her social life. For example, a child who is born in a loving, caring and protective family will always be respectful to others, hardworking and above all co-exist well with the environment. Whereas a child who is born in a violent family will become intolerative and harsh to divergent views, he or she will always want his word to be taken serious thus becoming a demigod (Fagothey, 2000). These children will never respect other people’s opinion thus they believe that violence is the solution. In my own personal life I have learnt that I have a good listening ability. This is attribut ed to the fact that I provide an ample opportunity to my patients so that they can inform me regarding their physical and mental situation. In this way, I have general information that I need to undertake my duties. One of the major ways that my experience will affect my work in the helping profession is that I will have the ability to intermingle with various people regardless of their cultural or economic background. Additionally, I will have ability to freely intermingle with other people thus by working as a team work I will be able to acquire skills possessed by other members of the team. One of the major aspects I learnt from my own life

Hair-hashish analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hair-hashish analysis - Essay Example The controversies attracted acts of violence and occasional threats during the early years of the show, and even became a basis of legal actions when the show opened on tour and other cities. Another reason that supports the theme of the paper is the nature of themes used in the 1960 hippie movement. The themes are described in terms of targets, goals, and beliefs of the hippies. Some of the themes illustrated in â€Å"Hashish† came as a result of protests by American youths on the wrong things they saw such as: environmental destruction, racism, sexual repression and sexism, corruption in politics, depersonalization from technologies, and violence. â€Å"Hashish† illustrates restrictive gender roles and the rejection of discrimination (Horn 176). This was a symbol of equality between women and men. A popular theme illustrated in â€Å"Hashish† is the drug use. In the song, Hair Cast talks about drug use among the generation and addresses the revolution. The drug problem has been intensively addressed as a proliferation in the community of all mood altering, illicit and physically dangerous drugs. The drugs also lead to problems such as crime, threat of crime, disease, violence, loss of productivity, growing number of users in welfare of the public, over-crowding of the penal institutions, congestion of court system, diversion of tax from productive areas, erosion of our civil rights, and corruption of law enforcement agencies. Hair Cast in â€Å"Hashish† song, addresses the theme of drug scene through the aspects involved such as remorseful mood and depressed tone featured in the lyrics. Drug use was associated with nudity and sexual freedom. This was a subject of notoriety and controversy. Nudity... In summary, this research paper has addressed the themes of the song in detail and illustrated how the aspects of the song such as musical tone, structure and lyrics represent the mentioned themes. This has been done through listening to the song and analyzing the lyrics and tone and other specific aspects of the song that represent the themes. It is pivotal to note that â€Å"Hashish† by Hair Cast takes a bold approach in addressing the dissociative counter culture, drug use and scene and individual concerns such as race and tribe, sexuality among other sensitive themes in sixties. The themes are reflected through aspects of the song such as tone, structure, background, music and lyrics. This paper has illustrated an analysis of aspects of â€Å"Hashish† from Hair in sixties, and how the song relates to sixties both as a whole and as individual movement through the musical tone and structure and song background and lyrics.

Self reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self reflection paper - Essay Example Similar to this is the devil effect, whereby a person evaluates another as low on many traits because of a belief that the individual is low on one trait which is assumed to be critical. This paper will give a self reflection of my life as a home nurse well as how my life has been changed as a result of different view of ethics. One of the major experiences to an understanding of my life in the nursing profession is the impact of nature and nurture in our future judgment and interpretation of issues. Having worked for some time as a nurse, I have also freely interacted with old people, children and the sick. In this way, I have come to admire how the living condition during the early years of a child can determine his or her social life. For example, a child who is born in a loving, caring and protective family will always be respectful to others, hardworking and above all co-exist well with the environment. Whereas a child who is born in a violent family will become intolerative and harsh to divergent views, he or she will always want his word to be taken serious thus becoming a demigod (Fagothey, 2000). These children will never respect other people’s opinion thus they believe that violence is the solution. In my own personal life I have learnt that I have a good listening ability. This is attribut ed to the fact that I provide an ample opportunity to my patients so that they can inform me regarding their physical and mental situation. In this way, I have general information that I need to undertake my duties. One of the major ways that my experience will affect my work in the helping profession is that I will have the ability to intermingle with various people regardless of their cultural or economic background. Additionally, I will have ability to freely intermingle with other people thus by working as a team work I will be able to acquire skills possessed by other members of the team. One of the major aspects I learnt from my own life

Australian electronic tablet industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Australian electronic tablet industry - Essay Example Apart from assessing the demands and wants of consumer the report will analyze the porter’s five forces with respect to the electronic computer industry within the Australian market. The report will also highlight on the cultural differences between the two countries based on Hofstede’s cultural dimension model. The key finding of the report is the existence of huge demand for tablet pc in Australia and some forecasting agencies have predicted that the sales figure will be skyrocketing in the years to come. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Threat of new Entrants 5 Economies of Scale 5 Brand Loyalty 5 Capital Requirement 6 Analysis 6 Threat of substitutes products 6 Switching Cost 6 Buyer Loyalty 7 Analysis 7 Bargaining power of buyers 7 Number of customers in the market 8 Availability of Substitutes 8 Analysis 9 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 9 Degree of supplier concentration 9 Availability of substitute inputs 9 Analysis 10 Existing Rivalry 10 Industry growth rate 10 Demand for product 10 Analysis 11 Recommendations 11 Hofstede’s cultural dimension 13 Cultural dimensions of Australia and Germany 13 Difference between two cultures 14 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 Threat of new Entrants New entrants are described as the companies that are presently not competing within the given industry but has the potential to compete in the industry if chooses to do so. Economies of Scale Economies of scale are about the decrease of unit cost of production when the company starts to manufacture more. Some of the sources include a) cost reduction through mass production. b) Discount availed through bulk purchase. c) Spreading fixed cost of production over volume of production. d) Same advertisement cost of large volume of production.1 Therefore Supernova limited can go for large scale production in order to grasp the cost advantage but before taking the decision they can go for a pilot test or test marketing. Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is exhibited by consumers when they are more inclined towards the products of the established players of the industry.2Companies can create brand loyalty by using strong advertisements, superior product quality and providing after sales service. In a recent study, it has been observed that Australians do not pays extra for the sake of brand names; rather they move towards cheaper brands which offer good value for the products. Therefore, Supernova limited has to retain the loyalty by maintaining a fixed level of price and also satisfying the customer needs. 1. Gareth Jones and Charles Hill, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach (US: Cengage Learning, 2009), 44. 2. William M. Pride and O.C. Ferrell, Marketing (US: Cengage Learning, 2011), 400. Capital Requirement Capital requirement is the amount needed for the cost of production and considering the fact that the firm is a new entrant in the market, the total cost will also include the whole set up of the company to st art its operation. The entire set up will include manufacturing in the factory, raw materials, labor charges and all other variable cost. Since the company does not have any restrictions in the financial segment they can undertake all the required operations. Analysis Since the company

Implications of the Study Essay Example for Free

Implications of the Study Essay The study of Willard and Luker actually notes the factor that contributes to the capabilities of the health institutions and their staff in handling the preferences of their patients especially that of the issues regarding EOL or the End of Life situations. People are usually concerned on their preferences with which they are to entrust their health with either for medication or simply for therapy. The issues that were particularly dealt with in the journal presented by Willard and Luker were pointing to the capabilities of the nurses and other medical staff officers present in the hospitals to make their patients feel the assurance that they are to be given the best service and care that they are due as clients of the medical industries. From this particular article, it could be noted that the role of nurses as caregivers in the medical institutions play a great role in the process of keeping up with the reputation of the medical industries. Their skills and their natural want of serving the values of their patients the best way that they can involves not only their willingness of becoming the best in the filed but also the aim of becoming a great help to the society that they are particularly serving. Implications of the Study What the article points out as part of the study is that the nurses have a great part in understanding the needs of their patients. This particularly coincides with the ideal practices of nursing as per noted through the writings and philosophies of Faye Abdelah. â€Å"A nurse is a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects—a person who is prepared to care for the sick, injured, and aged. †(Nursing in Today’s World—Challenges, Issues, and Trends, 2) UNSELFISHNESS, though essential, is not enough to make a proficient nurse. Good nurses also need extensive training and a breadth of experience. One essential requirement is from one to four years or more of study and practical training. But what qualities make a good nurse? Faye Glenn Abdellah’s book on â€Å"Patient-Centered Approach to Nursing† (1960) answers those queries basing from real life experiences and practical application of the said nursing theory. As reported in a survey made by the Awake magazine regarding the real qualities making up a good nurse, many answered almost the same ideas about the issue. Carmen Gilmartin, of Spain puts it this way: â€Å"The doctor heals, but the nurse cares for the patient. This often requires building up patients that have been damaged both inside and outside when, for example, they are informed that they have a chronic disease or will face imminent death. You have to be a mother to the sick person. † It is really true that aside from Abdellah , many nurses around the world believes that being able to empathize with the patients that the nurses are caring for. How is this so? The theory’s or the idealism of Abdellah’s scope includes the nurses working with children and other older patients dealing with either patients’ slightly affected with illnesses or those who are already dealing with terminal cases. The whole idea of the theory lies on how nurse- patient relationship should always be given attention to. Not only because it’s a protocol by the hospital or whosoever but also because it should be an innate character of a nurse to feel what the patient feels. Its content includes the process and application of the nurses’ empathizing with their patients to be able to give them not only the kind of medication or cure they need as said by the doctor but also the kind of cure they want. Application of the Theory on the Article Reviewed: Significance: The said approach on patient-centered service in and out of the hospital services is much significant especially to those patients who are usually ill or to those who have terminal diseases who at times need to stay in the hospitals for long times. It is very true that the patient-nurse relationship must be mutual and peaceful to be able to gain best results for both parties. Internal Consistency: This approach has been amazingly working well for the hospitals and health organizations that apply it. Doctors and nurses who are able to coordinate well with each other and thus able to attend to their patient’s needs and wants are the ones who usually gets the best result. One encyclopedia defines nursing as â€Å"the process by which a patient is helped by a nurse to recover from an illness or injury, or to regain as much independence as possible. †(Encarta) Of course, much is involved in that process. It is more than just the performance of routine tests, such as checking the pulse and the blood pressure. The nurse plays an integral role in the patient’s recovery. According to The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, â€Å"the nurse is more concerned with the patient’s overall reaction to the disorder than with the disorder itself, and is devoted to the control of physical pain, the relief of mental suffering, and, when possible, the avoidance of complications. † In addition, the nurse offers â€Å"understanding care, which involves listening with patience to anxieties and fears, and providing emotional support and comfort. † And when a patient is dying, this source notes, the nurse’s role is â€Å"to help the patient meet death with as little distress and as much dignity as possible. †(145) Parsimony: This approach doesn’t require much of the funds. Instead, investing on the nurse’s desirable traits has been the key to reaching the goals of giving the patients an A+ service during their recovery. Testability: This approach has been widely tested by different hospitals and health organizations. Some had even made extra steps to achieve perfection in application. Some went to the homes of possible patients to take not of their medical preferences with regards to their religious and cultural beliefs. It also included health statistics of the patients in order to modify their medical records. These steps had been proven effective and stress reducing for the nurses when the time comes when they already need to attend to the said patients. Empirical Adequacy: Every organization and hospital who tries to apply this approach to patients would agree that everything is perfect with it. It relieves both the pain of the patient and gives the nurses a better work environment, as they are able to meet the expectations of both their patients and the doctors they assist. Pragmatic Adequacy: Record shows that actual results from the application of this approach are rather desirable and convincing to be successful. It made everything and everyone workable with and every patient satisfied with the medications they receive. As with other jobs, considerable education and training are required to be a good nurse. It also takes courage, and a real desire to help fellow humans. Keeping physically fit, too, is important, due to one’s being exposed to communicable diseases. But a good nurse will especially have sympathy for patients, and give of herself to furnish their needs. Abdellah’s book on Patient-Centered approach has been truly proven by herself by being a nurse and an aid to many that suffer from different illness. Making it more practical and approval worthy that this approach to patients is indeed effective. However it may be, nurses are always reminded to continue having a good heart for their patients as it always works. PART B: †¢ Problem Definition The study of Willard and Luker places a certain implication on the ways by which the nurses intend to perform their tasks as healthcare professionals. Their enthusiasm in making it possible for the clients[ the patients] to receive the best possible service that they deserve naturally, especially considering the fact that they are in need of care. IT is mostly undeniable that the nurses are expected to handle their profession in a more careful way considering their patients needs and demands all the time. As their clients, patients have the right to demands service from the nurses, this is especially when they are needing special care because of their exceptional health situation. People who are in their EOL stages are usually demanding, trying to get the attention of others for the sake of attending to their needs. Passion always pays in this particular situation. Most likely, the patients who are in need of special care when they are undergoing the EOL stage are also most appreciative of the people staying up with them. From the study that has been presented by Willard and Luker, it could be observed that attending to these particular needs actually increase the level of considerable reputation for the medical industries. †¢ Literature Review It could be observed that the literatures used by the researchers as basis of their primary claims about the issue were indeed authoritative, thus giving the research a stronger voice in being valid for actual application in the future. Most likely, the ability of the researchers to find the right research materials to cite within the paper made the research even more powerful in terms of being constantly aligned with what is theoretically right and what is actually practiced by the hospital staffs in real life. †¢ Research Design With the utilization of grounded theory, the researchers of this particular study were able to make a greater use for such controlled details that were given to them through observable informations in actual situations that are concerned with nursing and the issue that is being tackled within the said study. Applying it to actual nursing practice requires deeper comprehension of the issue. To develop the science of the nursing field and its general application in the health service of the society, further research and development are needed. In this aspect of nursing research, different new approaches and concepts are discover and can be incorporated in the general field of healthcare application thus, promoting the quality of the said service. Because of this, the said two concepts namely the aspect of research and its application are indeed important for the field of nursing service. †¢ Sampling Protocol The researchers particularly utilized the best sample population available to strengthen their study. The said samples include three nurse practitioners, two research nurses, eleven specific CNS’s, nine palliative care CNS’s, and four CNS with combined tumor-specific and palliative care roles. These samples helped the researchers in understanding the field of nursing in a much deeper sense of responsibility scale measurement. The samples and their experiential background on the issue actually helped the researchers see the situation in an certain actualized level of understanding. †¢ Data collection Strategies Aside from the literary based researches, the interview based observations made it easier for the researchers to create opinionated claims thereby making the research more acquainted with the literature review that the researchers themselves previously presented in their paper. The integration of the research together with the survey results made it possible for the researchers to measure both the possibilities and the limitations that their topic has upon application in the actual field of medical health assistance among hospitals. †¢ Data Analysis Strategies To analyze the data, a qualitative process of understanding the gathered informations could be noted to have a huge implication on the success of the research. With the measurement of validity and reality based understanding of the matter, the research of Luker and Willard made it easier for the readers to understand the yielded information from the literature as well as the survey based analysis. The analysis of the data that the researchers used actually helped the outside readers who have no idea of the topic to have a better understanding of the connection of the study with the actual application of nursing practices. Most likely, it is undeniable that the people involved in understanding the research naturally made a clear opinionated view with regards the presentations of the researchers with regards the actuality of the study and how far the efficiency of the research applies well in the efficiency of the healthcare institutions’ performance for their clients, the patients. †¢ Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation Maintaining and promoting the healthcare quality of the people is one of the most important concerns of the society. People indeed like to live healthy away from any ailment and disease and stay in this state for the longest possible lifestyle. Because of this, significant efforts and resources are invested in the healthcare nursing field to promote the stability of the said healthcare practice and its continuous development. One of this concept evidentiary manifestation is the field’s research aspect. The value of nursing is significant for the society as this greatly involve their health promotion and assistance to their medical needs thus, this field’s development through research must be established as one of the primary concern. Without this field, society’s healthcare needs will certainly not be addressed. However, without the continuous innovative development of this field, the aspect of healthcare nursing will also not be able to properly cater to the contemporary needs of the society alongside its newly discovered diseases and others. To cope up with these modern concerns, the nursing society together with the concerned citizens and the health practitioner field devote their time, efforts, knowledge and resources to further develop the nursing field through research to maintain the relevance of the value of nursing for the society themselves. As a vital part also of the general field of nursing healthcare, the research also demonstrate the importance of practitioners of the nursing field in an independent concern from the multidisciplinary team. Research through experimentation procedure will explore the significance of the nursing role in each medical procedures and in the healthcare service itself. In addition, most researches are also solely focused on developing the healthcare practice alone as this as this is viewed to be more related in the aspect of caring for the patients. †¢ Ethical Values and Concerns The ethical values in this case would naturally be involved in the process of gaining the results from the target samples. The results are to be derived not only upon observation but upon question and answer process of evaluation of the job that the staff are undergoing. It could not be denied that gaining these results meant that the sample population must be met in personal by the researchers. Through the considerable thought that the researchers placed upon the fact that the target sample are working and have responsibilities towards their patients, the said individuals were given their own choice on when or where they are to answer the survey. Through this, the researchers were the once who adjusted to the convenience of the sample population. It Is undeniable that through this process, the researchers were able to take control of the ethical measures that they are expected to carry on throughout the process. Part C: Conclusion Healthcare is concerned and mainly focused on the betterment and the preservation of the life of an individual who has a certain medical condition or ailment preventing him or her from being healthy. Because it is concern with humanity and life, most of the aspects in healthcare are greatly attributed to ethics and morality thus rendering this field to be very controversial and debatable. Many aspects of healthcare, especially its field of administration for people who have damaging illnesses, are greatly regarded as a question of morality. This idea is mainly because of certain cases where the healthcare decision regarding the condition of the patient becomes contradictory to the patient’s will and/or the medical decision of the physician involved. Thus, the medical procedures often become morally questionable because of the conflicting desires and the substantiality of the consent of the people concerned in the situation. This is primarily the reason why the study analyzed herein could be noted beneficial for the actual nursing practice application. The study of Willard and Luker clearly points out that nurse-patient relationship could be enhanced through the behavioral adjustments that are to be taken into consideration by the nurses themselves. It is undeniable that the nurse’s importance to the medical industry places a strong implication on the basic practices of ethical healthcare provisions. Patients in their EOL stages need to realize that they are being cared for. Not only that, it should also be noted that aside from EOL patients, nurses have to attend to a wide variety of patients who have different health issues that they need to deal with. Moat often than not, it is the realization of the nurses with regards their primary responsibility that holds the capability of the medical industries to cater to the needs of their clients, their patients. Reference: Carole Willard and Karen Luker. (2006). Challenge to End OF Life Care in the Acute Hospital Setting. University of Manchester.

Self Appraisal Is Useful To Start Future Planning Education Essay

Self Appraisal Is Useful To Start Future Planning Education Essay Self appraisal is useful in to start our future planning and draw a map for our future goals and aims. And assessment of our career growth will enable us to know where we are and gives us the directions to where we want to reach. A strong view about your self is very important in our lives because its play a very important role to know what is better for myself and what I have been done in my life and which big management position is suitable for me it will help to understand the followings, our life and career How work fits in other aspects of our lives Work experience A record of what we have done so far Work satisfaction Things about your work we like and enjoy Recycling you achievements The things we have done that we are proud of it Task 1 level 2 1.2: Conduct a self assessment: Skills audit The skills audit in an organisation is the process in which an organisation can identify and measure the functional skills what they have required in the organizations functions and match those requirement through design, recruitment, training and outsourcing. This process is very useful to plan the career of the company and chose the right candidate for right position for the success of the business. Self assessment: Self assessment allows you to know what you are and what you want to be and in which specific areas you need improvement to take the further responsibilities and remains competitive in the life. For this purpose you need to take the responsibilities for your career and continuing professional development. When we talk about career and want to be successful in our life than these questions we should be answered first Where are you now? Where do you want to be? How will you get there? If we want to know where we are now and where we want to be and how will we get it the question arises how we can know about this. Many philosophers and business mans and economists suggest different ways to know the answers of these questions. Where are you now? To know what your current status is, you could carry out the SWOT analysis to identify our Personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This audit will help us to identify our development needs and what information we have needed to plan our future. A swot analysis can be carried out as a part of our appraisal preparation. Where do you want to be? To begin the process, first review the type of role and the level you wish to be working towards. Once you have objectively assessed your skill level and identified the directions you would like your development to take. May be you need to discussed it with your line manager because he is the person who knows the organization very well and suggest you the better way to achieve your ambitions and goals. How will you get there? You will need to carry out a self-assessment and identified your potential for skills development and then find appropriate ways to improve your skills. It will take usually weeks, months, years or sometimes longer to get sufficient skills to get a higher position. Task 1 level 3 1.3: Professional CV: My CV is attach with appendix 1.1 Task1 level 4 1.4: Personal Development Plan The PDP should incorporate your reflection on some significant training or development activities you have undertaken in your personal or professional life which assists you to plan for your professional development in the future PDP is the name of plan of action. In our daily life we can make plan but never write it down, PDP is the way by which we can achieve our targets by planning. But first of all we have to understand what PDP is? And How to create a PDP There is no right or wrong way to present your Personal Development Plan. A PDP is effectively a schedule of actions, referring directly to your aspirations for your personal development. As learners we are continually planning, but by putting our plans in writing and structuring them to enable us to best meet our aims and objectives, we increase our chances of success. A PDP allows you to set targets for yourself and to devise a clear route to achieving them. PDP is the name of followings: Assessment of current skills and knowledge to establish professional needs Planning the development Evaluate the performance Resetting aims and objectives to re plan in light of the feedbacks In PDP personal effectiveness play a very important role by commitment to the profession and flexibility to balance all aspects of life. Look at the example below: PDP cycle: F:Documentsep-pdp.jpg http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/infokits/e-portfolios/pdp-background To know what I have and what i have to improve in myself to achieve my ambitions and goals and make some strategy to turn into reality we have to give answers of these questions which play a very important role to be successful. SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis will enable you to identify where you are in your current role. For example, Strengths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I have 5 years experience in the marketing sector à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I am a good communicator à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I have excellent IT skills. Weaknesses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I dont know much about Places of Change or how this affects the services I provide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I dont have any management experience. Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ My organisation is willing to sponsor me to go on a course or training to develop my skills à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There may be some new job promotion opportunities in my organisation Threats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There may be competition for new job opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A promotion would mean moving to a specialist project which I dont have complete understanding. Next you need to turn this into a PDP. What I need to achieve, how am I going to achieve it When am I going to do it? Do I need to develop some supervision skills? I am going to do this for six months from September. 6 Are your development targets SMART When setting targets, you need to make sure that you can actually achieve them. This is called SMART targets. SMART stands for the following: http://tutorials.freeskills.com/images/articles/428/image1.gif http://tutorials.freeskills.com/setting-objectives-and-achievable-outcomes.htm PDP PLAN: untitled 222222.JPG Action plan All of the objectives and goals identified in the PDP need to be SMART to get success and better learning. TASK 2 LEVELS 1 Evaluation of learning development and objectives: 2.1: Evaluating your Success: The learning process is a cyclic process in which you need to identify your development goal that you want to achieve and then periodically you have to evaluate your progress. Taking time to evaluate and reflect your progress is essential to enable you to make necessary changes to your plan. When evaluating your progress you need to ask yourself: What have I learnt? What more do I need to do to achieve my goals? Is my progress too slow or ahead of schedule? Do I need any assistance to achieve my goal? Whats hindering my progress? Do I need to change my plan? What additional benefits am I gaining from this practice? To evaluate our objectives we have to answer these questions. What I am better able to do as a result? Every person has his own calibre of doing things and have their own goals and objectives the targets which I set in my PDP plan yes I can do it to make myself better from my colleagues and to grow my career in the sales and marketing field by learning, knowledge and getting support from my superiors and feedbacks,. Has this experience thrown up future development needs? Human are born for learning. A person can never be prefect in their lifes we always need some assistance and knowledge to improve our selfs. A person is learning in their whole life from birth to death, to achieve my entire objects I will need to get help from my manager because he is the person who know the organization very well and give me better advice in which area I need improvement to achieve my objectives and whether my plan need more to improve myself to get my objective. How well did the development method work? Improvements in myself by developing this plan for success and development it give me better ways and a clear sense of mind to achieve my objectives and by implementing it in my life now I feel a clear difference in myself and other now I can deals with customers with more confidence and energy. And I achieved my sales target which is given by the sales department but still I need a lot of improvement to achieve all my objectives and goals. Could I have gained more from this activity? Yes from these activities now I am more presentable in my work more effective in my job and it give me the right direction to improve my image in the organization and because of my performance now I am the supervisor of my sales department. Would I follow this approach again? All those things which is betterment of the people, all the people go for those ways nobody can denied with it Because everyone want to be successful in their lifes. For my future I definitely go for this approach because it give me great achievement in my profession now it is very easy for me to go and get my future aims and goals. This valuation will also provide a key lead to the next stage of the continuing cycle goals change and tasks vary and new needs will emerge it important to retrieve your own plan accordingly. Task 2 level 2 2.2: Reset planning according with time: To make yourself successful in the life we have to adopt the environmental changes accordingly as the environment around you is changes we have change over self as well, as we achieve our targets we need more objectives to grow in our life and aims to achieve a better position in the organization or achieve better target in business. In my profession if I want to be a manager then I need to increase my knowledge and learn more things and try to be more effective for the organization and achieve our targets timely and more professionally to be a manger of my organization I need to learn more things and change my PDP accordingly to learn those skills I need multi skills to manage everything in the department and also need of basic managements skills. Technical skills: skills needed to perform specialized tasks. Human relation skills: skills in understanding and getting along with people in the organization. Connectional skills: abilities to think in the abstract, diagnose and analyze different situations, and see beyond the present situation. Decision making skills: skills I defining problems and selecting the best course of action. To make this happen I need to make my strategy accordingly and learn more things from my superiors and by increasing my qualification which need to be a manager and talk to the colleagues to get assistance from them. And set the targeted time to achieve all the objectives. Task 3 level 1: 3.1: Problems at work: There are numbers of problems which employs are facing around them at work. there are some many small problems which leads to the biggest turnover in the organization. Some of the most major work problems are as followings: 1: job satisfaction: Its very important for an employ for his interest his job is according to his desires and interest, otherwise job satisfaction is very difficult to obtain, sometimes employers gives some different work to the employs which is not according to the specialization, desires and interest of the employ which leads to the disappointment, frustration from work . If it does not corrected on time it will lead to employs resign from the job. 2: management factors: In the organization management have key role in the success of business. If management did not understanding the problems of the employs and their needs then it is very difficult for the employs to remain in the business it will leads to the larger turnover from the business. 3: Job stress: Lots of employs faces job stress on their work because of the larger work pressure and overload of work which is not according to the willpower of the employs it is also a bigger problem which is faced by the workers at work. 4: Low Resources availability: Less availability of resources at work according to the job requirements some times it make difficult for the employs to work with low resources according to the job which leads to the high turnover from the road. 5: Employer treatment: Sometimes employer behaviour towards the employs is very disappointed. They treat the employs like machines which is the biggest work base problem for the employs. Task 3 level 2 3.2: Communication: No matter how brilliant you are and your idea, it is worthless until unless you can able share it with others in the organisation. For this reason, effective communication is very crucial at every level. The oxford English dictionary defines communication as: The imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge etc., (whether by speech writing or signs) interchange of speech. Types of communications: There are two types of communication written and oral communication Oral communication describes any type of inter-action that makes use of spoken words. Written communication involves any type of interaction that makes use of the written word. Both of these communications methods is very important and have a great significance in the life of the peoples. In the organization we adopt different ways to convey our message to others. By Speak effectively Delivering presentation Prepare written communication Display interpersonal understanding Time management: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jdsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/time-management-workflow.jpgimgrefurl When we think of time management, however, we tend to think of personal time management, managing our time is defined as, less wastage of time in doing things we have extra time to do the things what we want to do Therefore, time management is presented as a set of time management skills; the theory is that once we master the time management skills, well be more organized, efficient, and successful. Personal time management skills include: Goal setting; Planning; Prioritizing; Decision-making; Delegating; Scheduling. Task 4 level 1 4.1 Learning: Learning is very important throughout our lives if we stop learning our growth in our self is also stop and we cannot achieve any further goals. There are two types of learnings primary and secondary source of learning Primary sources of learning: On the job learning: On the job learning is those things which we learn from our surroundings at work place it is the very common and quick way of learning. Personal observation: This type of learning is obtain by observing things around you and adopts the things which are good for the future growth. Readings: Books are the best companion of every person we can learn most of the things from books it is the most effective way of learning. Research: Most of the things which we dont know like customers need and history of the world to know all about things research is the only way to know about them. Secondary source of learnings: Training: Some time most of the skills we know but for improving that skills training is very important to learn those skills which we need to improve our existing skills. Coaching: It is helping another person to improve awareness, to set and achieve goals in order to improve a particular behavioural performance Mentoring: It is helping to shape an individuals beliefs and values in a positive way; often a longer term career relationship from someone who has done it before Internet: Internet is the first quickest source of learning in these days by searching on internet we can get everything every easy which is helpful to learn these things which is useful for the development. Kolbs learning (learning styles) model Kolbs learning theory sets out four distinct learning styles. which are based on a four-stage learning cycle. In this respect Kolbs model is particularly useful because it offers both ways to understand individual peoples different learning styles, and also an explanation of a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all. Kolb says that ideally this process represents a learning cycle or spiral where the learner touches all the bases, i.e. a cycle of experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting. Kolbs model therefore works on two levels a four-stage cycle: Concrete Experience Reflective Observation Abstract Conceptualization Active Experimentation and a four-type definition of learning styles, (each representing the combination of two preferred styles, rather like a two-by-two matrix of the four-stage cycle styles, as illustrated below), for which Kolb used the terms:   Diverging (feeling and watching) Assimilating (watching and thinking) Converging (doing and thinking) Accommodating (doing and feeling) Diagrams of Kolbs learning style http://www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php Task 4 level 2 4.2: Lifelong learning: All learning activities undertaken throughout life with the aim of improving knowledge skills and competences with in a personal, civil, social or employment related missions. Lifelong learning is obtained by the followings: Variety in roles Job rotation Rewards Job enlargement Cultural changes Job enrichment Task 4 level 3 Research methods: There are two types research method Qualitative methods used in social marketing include observations, in-depth interviews and group discussions. Qualitative research is used to help us understand how people feel and why they feel as they do. Depth interviews or group discussions are two common methods used for collecting qualitative information. Quantitative market research  typically includes customer surveys and questionnaires these can be conducted face-to-face by interview, over the telephone, via post or email, online or via your website. Research resources: Primary research involves getting  original data  directly about the product and market. Primary research data is data that did not exist before. It is getting by field research designed to answer specific questions of interest to the business. Face-to-face interviews Telephone interviews   Online surveys Questionnaires Secondary marketing research, or desk research,  already existed information in the form of reports, internet and magazines and other companies collected information. It is relatively cheap, and can be conducted quite quickly and easily. Task 4 level 4: 4.4: Presentation on PDP and feedbacks What is PDP plan? An introduction: PDP is the name of plan of action all the plans which include in the PDP must be SMART and all the objectives and aims set in the PDP should be aware of SWOT. My PDP plan: My PDP plan shows the long and short term plan to achieve my aims and objectives. It based on my experience and qualification I have and how much experience or qualification I need more to get my ambitions in my life I want to be a manager in my organization I showed all the task and times limit in which I complete all my tasks and in future I get that position where I want to be. Implementation of PDP plan: First of all need some extra qualification thats why I have to join some management course and complete that course in that period of time and also attend some management training sessions to get the necessary management skills. And get help from my supervisor. Results: Results after done all these things it is quiet useful for me to get a management position in my organization. Conclusions: All the points in this assignment is more helpful to understand the nature of the professional development and the needs of employs to succeed in their professional life and who they can achieve this success.